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Carlos A. Q. Santos

TitleAssistant Professor
InstitutionRush University, Rush Medical College
DepartmentInternal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse awards and honors
    2013 - 2015KL2 Career Development Award, Washington University in St. Louis
    2007Teaching and Service Award, Rush University Medical Center
    2002Class Valedictorian, University of the Philippines, Manila

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse overview
    I am a Transplant Infectious Disease Physician and Population Health Scientist at RUSH University Medical Center. My dual research career missions are to perform epidemiologic and outcomes research that can help optimize infectious disease management in solid organ and stem cell transplant recipients, and build infrastructure, applications and educational programs that can enable informatics and outcomes research. I had an intramural KL2 Career Development Award at Washington University where I developed expertise in using large observational data for research, pharmacoepidemiology, and public health informatics. I have used these skills to conduct outcomes and pharmacoepidemiologic research in transplant infectious diseases using large administrative datasets, study the impact of COVID-19 on antimicrobial use and resistance, and develop cohort discovery tools, patient recruitment portals, and informatics curricula to better enable clinical research. I am currently the Director of the Transplant Infectious Diseases Service at Rush, and an Informatics Lead for the University of Chicago/Rush University Institute for Translational Medicine.

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Motter JD, Hussain S, Brown DM, Florman S, Rana MM, Friedman-Moraco R, Gilbert AJ, Stock P, Mehta S, Mehta SA, Stosor V, Elias N, Pereira MR, Haidar G, Malinis M, Morris MI, Hand J, Aslam S, Schaenman JM, Baddley J, Small CB, Wojciechowski D, Santos CAQ, Blumberg EA, Odim J, Apewokin SK, Giorgakis E, Bowring MG, Werbel WA, Desai NM, Tobian AAR, Segev DL, Massie AB, Durand CM. Wait Time Advantage for Transplant Candidates With HIV Who Accept Kidneys From Donors With HIV Under the HOPE Act. Transplantation. 2023 Nov 28. PMID: 38012862.
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    2. Santos CAQ, Tseng M, Martinez AI, Shankaran S, Hodgson HA, Ahmad FS, Zhang H, Sievert DM, Trick WE. Comparative antimicrobial use in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-COVID-19 inpatients from 2019 to 2020: A multicenter ecological study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2023 Oct 25; 1-8. PMID: 37877166.
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    3. Trick WE, Santos CAQ, Welbel S, Tseng M, Zhang H, Donceras O, Martinez AI, Lin MY. Author response: Quantifying healthcare-acquired coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients: A closer look. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2023 05; 44(5):854-855. PMID: 37102459.
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    4. Benner SE, Eby Y, Zhu X, Fernandez RE, Patel EU, Ruff JE, Habtehyimer F, Schmidt HA, Kirby CS, Hussain S, Ostrander D, Desai NM, Florman S, Rana MM, Friedman-Moraco R, Pereira MR, Mehta S, Stock P, Gilbert A, Morris MI, Stosor V, Mehta SA, Small CB, Ranganna K, Santos CA, Aslam S, Husson J, Malinis M, Elias N, Blumberg EA, Doby BL, Massie AB, Smith ML, Odim J, Quinn TC, Laird GM, Siliciano RF, Segev DL, Redd AD, Durand CM, Tobian AA. The effect of induction immunosuppression for kidney transplant on the latent HIV reservoir. JCI Insight. 2022 Nov 08; 7(21). PMID: 36345940; PMCID: PMC9675561.
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    5. Santos CAQ, Martinez AI, Won SY, Varughese CA, Tseng M, Zhang H, Trick WE. Computing antimicrobial use/antimicrobial resistance ratios: A novel way to assess inpatient antimicrobial utilization using current National Healthcare Safety Network metrics. Transpl Infect Dis. 2022 Oct; 24(5):e13924. PMID: 36254516.
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    6. Chang SY, Santos CAQ. Could cell-free DNA and host biomarkers assist in antimicrobial stewardship with organ transplant recipients? Transpl Infect Dis. 2022 Oct; 24(5):e13971. PMID: 36254507.
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    7. Raval AD, Ganz ML, Fraeman K, Lorden AL, Saravanan S, Tang Y, Santos CAQ. Real-World Treatment Patterns of Antiviral Prophylaxis for Cytomegalovirus Among Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Linked USRDS-Medicare Database Study. Transpl Int. 2022; 35:10528. PMID: 36046353.
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    8. Trick WE, Santos CAQ, Welbel S, Tseng M, Zhang H, Donceras O, Martinez AI, Lin MY. Hospital-acquired coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients of two acute-care hospitals: Implications for surveillance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2022 12; 43(12):1761-1766. PMID: 35438067.
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    9. Williams MD, Thomas J, Paner A, Chan EY, Hollinger EF, Schadde E, Hertl M, Santos CAQ, Olaitan OK. Can Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA Detect Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Solid Organ Transplantation: A Case Report. Transplant Proc. 2022 Jan-Feb; 54(1):176-179. PMID: 34961600.
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    10. Bhaimia E, Jung JH, Chan EL, Shah NN, Santos CAQ. Breakthrough Hepatitis B Virus Infection in a Liver Transplant Recipient on Lamivudine Prophylaxis for Donor Hepatitis B Core Antibody Seropositivity: A Review of Practices to Prevent De Novo Hepatitis B Virus Infection After Transplant. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2021 Jul; 18(1):22-25. PMID: 34484700.
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    11. Santos CAQ, Rhee Y, Hollinger EF, Olaitan OK, Schadde E, Peev V, Saltzberg SN, Hertl M. Comparative incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 in kidney or kidney-pancreas transplant recipients versus kidney or kidney-pancreas waitlisted patients: A single-center study. Clin Transplant. 2021 08; 35(8):e14362. PMID: 33998716.
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    12. Jochum SB, Becerra AZ, Zhang Y, Santos CAQ, Hayden DM, Saclarides TJ, Bhama AR. I want to go home: should we abandon open surgery for treatment of rectal prolapse? Consideration of discharge destination following surgery for rectal prolapse. Colorectal Dis. 2021 Apr; 23(4):955-966. PMID: 33248013.
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    13. Santos CAQ, Conover C, Shehab N, Geller AI, Guerra YS, Kramer H, Kosacz NM, Zhang H, Budnitz DS, Trick WE. Electronic Measurement of a Clinical Quality Measure for Inpatient Hypoglycemic Events: A Multicenter Validation Study. Med Care. 2020 10; 58(10):927-933. PMID: 32833937.
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    14. Rhee Y, Chan EL, Eswaran SL, Aloman C, Hertl M, Santos CAQ. Fatal COVID-19 in a Patient with End-Stage Liver Disease Wait-Listed for Liver Transplantation: An Evidence-Based Review of COVID-19 Screening Modalities Prior to Transplant. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2020 Jun; 15(6):246-250. PMID: 32617159.
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    15. Rhee Y, Sha BE, Santos CAQ. Optimizing Vaccination in Adult Patients With Liver Disease and Liver Transplantation. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2020 Feb; 15(2):63-68. PMID: 32226617.
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    16. Santos CAQ, Rhee Y, Czapka MT, Kazi AS, Proia LA. Make Sure You Have a Safety Net: Updates in the Prevention and Management of Infectious Complications in Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. J Clin Med. 2020 Mar 21; 9(3). PMID: 32245201.
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    17. Xu TQ, Wiegmann AL, Jarazcewski TJ, Ritz EM, Santos CAQ, Dorafshar AH. Patient Race and Insurance Status Do Not Impact the Treatment of Simple Mandibular Fractures. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2020 Mar; 13(1):15-22. PMID: 32642027.
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    18. Santos CAQ, Brennan DC. Cytomegalovirus: A Guide for the Perplexed. Transplantation. 2018 06; 102(6):898-899. PMID: 29677079.
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    19. George IA, Spec A, Powderly WG, Santos CAQ. Comparative Epidemiology and Outcomes of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Non-HIV Non-transplant, and Solid Organ Transplant Associated Cryptococcosis: A Population-Based Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 02 01; 66(4):608-611. PMID: 29028978.
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    20. Britt NS, Hagopian JC, Brennan DC, Pottebaum AA, Santos CAQ, Gharabagi A, Horwedel TA. Effects of recurrent urinary tract infections on graft and patient outcomes after kidney transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017 Oct 01; 32(10):1758-1766. PMID: 28967964.
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    21. Pande A, Non LR, Romee R, Santos CA. Pseudozyma and other non-Candida opportunistic yeast bloodstream infections in a large stem cell transplant center. Transpl Infect Dis. 2017 Apr; 19(2). PMID: 28099778.
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    22. George IA, Santos CAQ, Olsen MA, Powderly WG. Epidemiology of Cryptococcosis and Cryptococcal Meningitis in a Large Retrospective Cohort of Patients After Solid Organ Transplantation. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017; 4(1):ofx004. PMID: 28480277.
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    23. Non LR, Santos CA. The occurrence of infective endocarditis with Staphylococcus lugdunensis bacteremia: A retrospective cohort study and systematic review. J Infect. 2017 02; 74(2):179-186. PMID: 27777118.
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    24. Spec A, Santos CA, Pence MA. The Brief Case: Dyspnea in a Profoundly Immunocompromised Man. J Clin Microbiol. 2016 10; 54(10):2410-2. PMID: 27664266.
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    25. Spec A, Santos CA, Pence MA. Closing the Brief Case: Dyspnea in a Profoundly Immunocompromised Man. J Clin Microbiol. 2016 10; 54(10):2628. PMID: 27664267.
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    26. Santos CA. Cytomegalovirus and Other ?-Herpesviruses. Semin Nephrol. 2016 09; 36(5):351-361. PMID: 27772620.
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    27. George IA, Santos CA, Olsen MA, Bailey TC. Epidemiology and Outcomes of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients at a Midwestern Center. Transplantation. 2016 05; 100(5):1073-8. PMID: 26950719.
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    28. Santos CA, Brennan DC, Saeed MJ, Fraser VJ, Olsen MA. Pharmacoepidemiology of cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in a large retrospective cohort of kidney transplant recipients with Medicare Part D coverage. Clin Transplant. 2016 Apr; 30(4):435-44. PMID: 26841129.
      Citations:    
    29. Santos CA, Hotchkiss RS, Chapman WC, Olsen MA. Epidemiology of Bloodstream Infections in a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort of Liver Transplant Recipients. Transplant Direct. 2016 Mar; 2(3):e67. PMID: 27458606.
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    30. Santos CA, Brennan DC, Yusen RD, Olsen MA. Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Delayed-onset Cytomegalovirus Disease in a Large Retrospective Cohort of Lung Transplant Recipients. Transplantation. 2015 Aug; 99(8):1658-66. PMID: 25675196.
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    31. Santos CA, Brennan DC, Olsen MA. Accuracy of Inpatient International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification Coding for Cytomegalovirus After Kidney Transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2015 Jul-Aug; 47(6):1772-6. PMID: 26293049.
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    32. Santos CA, Brennan DC, Chapman WC, Fraser VJ, Olsen MA. Delayed-onset cytomegalovirus disease coded during hospital readmission in a multicenter, retrospective cohort of liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl. 2015 May; 21(5):581-90. PMID: 25678072.
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    33. Santos CA, Brennan DC, Fraser VJ, Olsen MA. Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of delayed-onset cytomegalovirus disease in a large, retrospective cohort of heart transplant recipients. Transplant Proc. 2014 Dec; 46(10):3585-92. PMID: 25498094.
      Citations:    
    34. Santos CA, Brennan DC, Fraser VJ, Olsen MA. Delayed-onset cytomegalovirus disease coded during hospital readmission after kidney transplantation. Transplantation. 2014 Jul 27; 98(2):187-94. PMID: 24621539.
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    35. Monaganti S, Santos CA, Markwardt A, Pence MA, Brennan DC. Pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis caused by phaeoacremonium in a kidney transplant recipient: successful treatment with posaconazole. Case Rep Med. 2014; 2014:902818. PMID: 24959182.
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    36. Chanin JM, Marcos LA, Thompson BM, Yusen RD, Dunne WM, Warren DK, Santos CA. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone as a cause of Lemierre's syndrome. J Clin Microbiol. 2011 May; 49(5):2063-6. PMID: 21430106.
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    37. Lane MA, Barsanti MC, Santos CA, Yeung M, Lubner SJ, Weil GJ. Human paragonimiasis in North America following ingestion of raw crayfish. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Sep 15; 49(6):e55-61. PMID: 19681705.
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    38. Santos CQ, Adeyemi O, Tenorio AR. Attitudes toward directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) among HIV-positive inpatients in an inner city public hospital. AIDS Care. 2006 Oct; 18(7):808-11. PMID: 16971292.
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