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Carlos A. Q. Santos

TitleAssistant Professor
InstitutionRush University, Rush Medical College
DepartmentInternal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse awards and honors
    2013 - 2015KL2 Career Development Award, Washington University in St. Louis
    2007Teaching and Service Award, Rush University Medical Center
    2002Class Valedictorian, University of the Philippines, Manila

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse overview
    I am a Transplant Infectious Disease Physician and Population Health Scientist at Rush University Medical Center. My dual and complementary career missions are to: (1) provide outstanding clinical care to patients with complicated infections while educating fellows, residents and students; and (2) generate evidence that can help optimize the outcomes of infections by performing comparative effectiveness research using large observational data. I began my career at Washington University School of Medicine in 2009 as a clinician, and grew my expertise to include research after being awarded a KL2 Career Development Award in 2012. I was recruited by Dr. Gordon Trenholme and Dr. David Simon to come to Rush in 2015 to spearhead clinical and research programs in Transplant Infectious Disease and Medical Informatics. Since coming to Rush, I helped maintain excellent transplant outcomes by participating in the transplant programs, and increased national recognition of the transplant program by successfully participating in the HOPE in Action Study, a multicenter NIH-funded study led by investigators at Johns Hopkins University to study the outcomes of HIV-to-HIV transplantation for kidney transplant patients. I also spearheaded research projects in medical informatics, epidemiology and healthcare-associated infections by being the Site Principal Investigator for projects funded by PCORI, the CDC and the Illinois Department of Public Health. My ultimate career goals are to educate fellows, residents and students in Transplant Infectious Disease, perform important and high-quality research in medical informatics, and provide outstanding clinical service to Rush University Medical Center and its affiliated hospitals.


    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    1. Santos CAQ, Tseng M, Martinez AI, Shankaran S, Hodgson HA, Ahmad FS, Zhang H, Sievert DM, Trick WE. Comparative antimicrobial use in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-COVID-19 inpatients from 2019 to 2020: A multicenter ecological study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2023 Oct 25; 1-8. PMID: 37877166.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Trick WE, Santos CAQ, Welbel S, Tseng M, Zhang H, Donceras O, Martinez AI, Lin MY. Author response: Quantifying healthcare-acquired coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients: A closer look. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2023 05; 44(5):854-855. PMID: 37102459.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Santos CAQ, Martinez AI, Won SY, Varughese CA, Tseng M, Zhang H, Trick WE. Computing antimicrobial use/antimicrobial resistance ratios: A novel way to assess inpatient antimicrobial utilization using current National Healthcare Safety Network metrics. Transpl Infect Dis. 2022 Oct; 24(5):e13924. PMID: 36254516.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Chang SY, Santos CAQ. Could cell-free DNA and host biomarkers assist in antimicrobial stewardship with organ transplant recipients? Transpl Infect Dis. 2022 Oct; 24(5):e13971. PMID: 36254507.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Raval AD, Ganz ML, Fraeman K, Lorden AL, Saravanan S, Tang Y, Santos CAQ. Real-World Treatment Patterns of Antiviral Prophylaxis for Cytomegalovirus Among Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Linked USRDS-Medicare Database Study. Transpl Int. 2022; 35:10528. PMID: 36046353.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Trick WE, Santos CAQ, Welbel S, Tseng M, Zhang H, Donceras O, Martinez AI, Lin MY. Hospital-acquired coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients of two acute-care hospitals: Implications for surveillance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2022 12; 43(12):1761-1766. PMID: 35438067.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Williams MD, Thomas J, Paner A, Chan EY, Hollinger EF, Schadde E, Hertl M, Santos CAQ, Olaitan OK. Can Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA Detect Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Solid Organ Transplantation: A Case Report. Transplant Proc. 2022 Jan-Feb; 54(1):176-179. PMID: 34961600.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Bhaimia E, Jung JH, Chan EL, Shah NN, Santos CAQ. Breakthrough Hepatitis B Virus Infection in a Liver Transplant Recipient on Lamivudine Prophylaxis for Donor Hepatitis B Core Antibody Seropositivity: A Review of Practices to Prevent De Novo Hepatitis B Virus Infection After Transplant. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2021 Jul; 18(1):22-25. PMID: 34484700.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Santos CAQ, Rhee Y, Hollinger EF, Olaitan OK, Schadde E, Peev V, Saltzberg SN, Hertl M. Comparative incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 in kidney or kidney-pancreas transplant recipients versus kidney or kidney-pancreas waitlisted patients: A single-center study. Clin Transplant. 2021 08; 35(8):e14362. PMID: 33998716.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Jochum SB, Becerra AZ, Zhang Y, Santos CAQ, Hayden DM, Saclarides TJ, Bhama AR. I want to go home: should we abandon open surgery for treatment of rectal prolapse? Consideration of discharge destination following surgery for rectal prolapse. Colorectal Dis. 2021 Apr; 23(4):955-966. PMID: 33248013.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Santos CAQ, Conover C, Shehab N, Geller AI, Guerra YS, Kramer H, Kosacz NM, Zhang H, Budnitz DS, Trick WE. Electronic Measurement of a Clinical Quality Measure for Inpatient Hypoglycemic Events: A Multicenter Validation Study. Med Care. 2020 10; 58(10):927-933. PMID: 32833937.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Alves de Oliveira Serra MA, Lima VP, Santos CAASD, Moura de Ara?jo MF. Helicobacter Pylori cagA+ Genotype is Associated With Consumption of Untreated Drinking Water in North-Eastern Brazil. Biol Res Nurs. 2020 10; 22(4):544-551. PMID: 32677465.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Rhee Y, Chan EL, Eswaran SL, Aloman C, Hertl M, Santos CAQ. Fatal COVID-19 in a Patient with End-Stage Liver Disease Wait-Listed for Liver Transplantation: An Evidence-Based Review of COVID-19 Screening Modalities Prior to Transplant. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2020 Jun; 15(6):246-250. PMID: 32617159.
      View in: PubMed
    14. Rhee Y, Sha BE, Santos CAQ. Optimizing Vaccination in Adult Patients With Liver Disease and Liver Transplantation. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken). 2020 Feb; 15(2):63-68. PMID: 32226617.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Santos CAQ, Rhee Y, Czapka MT, Kazi AS, Proia LA. Make Sure You Have a Safety Net: Updates in the Prevention and Management of Infectious Complications in Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. J Clin Med. 2020 Mar 21; 9(3). PMID: 32245201.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Xu TQ, Wiegmann AL, Jarazcewski TJ, Ritz EM, Santos CAQ, Dorafshar AH. Patient Race and Insurance Status Do Not Impact the Treatment of Simple Mandibular Fractures. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2020 Mar; 13(1):15-22. PMID: 32642027.
      View in: PubMed
    17. Oliveira MAB, Santos CAD, Brandi AC, Dotta AH, Botelho PHH, Godoy MF, Braile DM. Effect of Preoperative Creatinine Levels on Mortality after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: an Observational Study. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg. 2019 Mar-Apr; 34(2):149-155. PMID: 30916124.
      View in: PubMed
    18. Santos CAQ, Brennan DC. Cytomegalovirus: A Guide for the Perplexed. Transplantation. 2018 06; 102(6):898-899. PMID: 29677079.
      View in: PubMed
    19. George IA, Spec A, Powderly WG, Santos CAQ. Comparative Epidemiology and Outcomes of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Non-HIV Non-transplant, and Solid Organ Transplant Associated Cryptococcosis: A Population-Based Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 02 01; 66(4):608-611. PMID: 29028978.
      View in: PubMed
    20. Britt NS, Hagopian JC, Brennan DC, Pottebaum AA, Santos CAQ, Gharabagi A, Horwedel TA. Effects of recurrent urinary tract infections on graft and patient outcomes after kidney transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017 Oct 01; 32(10):1758-1766. PMID: 28967964.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Pande A, Non LR, Romee R, Santos CA. Pseudozyma and other non-Candida opportunistic yeast bloodstream infections in a large stem cell transplant center. Transpl Infect Dis. 2017 Apr; 19(2). PMID: 28099778.
      View in: PubMed
    22. George IA, Santos CAQ, Olsen MA, Powderly WG. Epidemiology of Cryptococcosis and Cryptococcal Meningitis in a Large Retrospective Cohort of Patients After Solid Organ Transplantation. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017; 4(1):ofx004. PMID: 28480277.
      View in: PubMed
    23. Non LR, Santos CA. The occurrence of infective endocarditis with Staphylococcus lugdunensis bacteremia: A retrospective cohort study and systematic review. J Infect. 2017 02; 74(2):179-186. PMID: 27777118.
      View in: PubMed
    24. Spec A, Santos CA, Pence MA. The Brief Case: Dyspnea in a Profoundly Immunocompromised Man. J Clin Microbiol. 2016 10; 54(10):2410-2. PMID: 27664266.
      View in: PubMed
    25. Spec A, Santos CA, Pence MA. Closing the Brief Case: Dyspnea in a Profoundly Immunocompromised Man. J Clin Microbiol. 2016 10; 54(10):2628. PMID: 27664267.
      View in: PubMed
    26. Santos CA. Cytomegalovirus and Other ?-Herpesviruses. Semin Nephrol. 2016 09; 36(5):351-361. PMID: 27772620.
      View in: PubMed
    27. George IA, Santos CA, Olsen MA, Bailey TC. Epidemiology and Outcomes of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients at a Midwestern Center. Transplantation. 2016 05; 100(5):1073-8. PMID: 26950719.
      View in: PubMed
    28. Santos CA, Brennan DC, Saeed MJ, Fraser VJ, Olsen MA. Pharmacoepidemiology of cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in a large retrospective cohort of kidney transplant recipients with Medicare Part D coverage. Clin Transplant. 2016 Apr; 30(4):435-44. PMID: 26841129.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Santos CA, Hotchkiss RS, Chapman WC, Olsen MA. Epidemiology of Bloodstream Infections in a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort of Liver Transplant Recipients. Transplant Direct. 2016 Mar; 2(3):e67. PMID: 27458606.
      View in: PubMed
    30. Santos CA, Brennan DC, Yusen RD, Olsen MA. Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Delayed-onset Cytomegalovirus Disease in a Large Retrospective Cohort of Lung Transplant Recipients. Transplantation. 2015 Aug; 99(8):1658-66. PMID: 25675196.
      View in: PubMed
    31. Santos CA, Brennan DC, Olsen MA. Accuracy of Inpatient International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification Coding for Cytomegalovirus After Kidney Transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2015 Jul-Aug; 47(6):1772-6. PMID: 26293049.
      View in: PubMed
    32. Santos CA, Brennan DC, Chapman WC, Fraser VJ, Olsen MA. Delayed-onset cytomegalovirus disease coded during hospital readmission in a multicenter, retrospective cohort of liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl. 2015 May; 21(5):581-90. PMID: 25678072.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Reis AL, Reis LO, Saade RD, Santos CA, Lima ML, Fregonesi A. Validation of Portuguese version of Quality of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ) and comparison to International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and RAND 36-Item Health Survey. Int Braz J Urol. 2015 Jan-Feb; 41(1):155-67. PMID: 25928522.
      View in: PubMed
    34. Santos CA, Brennan DC, Fraser VJ, Olsen MA. Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of delayed-onset cytomegalovirus disease in a large, retrospective cohort of heart transplant recipients. Transplant Proc. 2014 Dec; 46(10):3585-92. PMID: 25498094.
      View in: PubMed
    35. Santos CA, Brennan DC, Fraser VJ, Olsen MA. Delayed-onset cytomegalovirus disease coded during hospital readmission after kidney transplantation. Transplantation. 2014 Jul 27; 98(2):187-94. PMID: 24621539.
      View in: PubMed
    36. Monaganti S, Santos CA, Markwardt A, Pence MA, Brennan DC. Pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis caused by phaeoacremonium in a kidney transplant recipient: successful treatment with posaconazole. Case Rep Med. 2014; 2014:902818. PMID: 24959182.
      View in: PubMed
    37. Chanin JM, Marcos LA, Thompson BM, Yusen RD, Dunne WM, Warren DK, Santos CA. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone as a cause of Lemierre's syndrome. J Clin Microbiol. 2011 May; 49(5):2063-6. PMID: 21430106.
      View in: PubMed
    38. Lane MA, Barsanti MC, Santos CA, Yeung M, Lubner SJ, Weil GJ. Human paragonimiasis in North America following ingestion of raw crayfish. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Sep 15; 49(6):e55-61. PMID: 19681705.
      View in: PubMed
    39. Santos CQ, Adeyemi O, Tenorio AR. Attitudes toward directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) among HIV-positive inpatients in an inner city public hospital. AIDS Care. 2006 Oct; 18(7):808-11. PMID: 16971292.
      View in: PubMed
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