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John Sandy

TitleProfessor
InstitutionRush University, Rush Medical College
DepartmentOrthopedic Surgery
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    My Scopus ID is 7102201965


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    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    1. Sikes KJ, Renner K, Li J, Grande-Allen KJ, Connell JP, Cali V, Midura RJ, Sandy JD, Plaas A, Wang VM. Knockout of hyaluronan synthase 1, but not 3, impairs formation of the retrocalcaneal bursa. J Orthop Res. 2018 Oct; 36(10):2622-2632. PMID: 29672913.
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    2. Sikes KJ, Li J, Gao SG, Shen Q, Sandy JD, Plaas A, Wang VM. TGF-b1 or hypoxia enhance glucose metabolism and lactate production via HIF1A signaling in tendon cells. Connect Tissue Res. 2018 Sep; 59(5):458-471. PMID: 29447016.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Luo W, Sandy J, Trella K, Gorski D, Gao S, Li J, Brounts S, Galante J, Plaas A. Degenerative Suspensory Ligament Desmitis (DSLD) in Peruvian Paso Horses Is Characterized by Altered Expression of TGFß Signaling Components in Adipose-Derived Stromal Fibroblasts. PLoS One. 2016; 11(11):e0167069. PMID: 27902739.
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    4. Trella KJ, Li J, Stylianou E, Wang VM, Frank JM, Galante J, Sandy JD, Plaas A, Wysocki R. Genome-wide analysis identifies differential promoter methylation of Leprel2, Foxf1, Mmp25, Igfbp6, and Peg12 in murine tendinopathy. J Orthop Res. 2017 05; 35(5):947-955. PMID: 27517731.
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    5. Chan DD, Xiao WF, Li J, de la Motte CA, Sandy JD, Plaas A. Deficiency of hyaluronan synthase 1 (Has1) results in chronic joint inflammation and widespread intra-articular fibrosis in a murine model of knee joint cartilage damage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015 Nov; 23(11):1879-89. PMID: 26521733; PMCID: PMC4630789 [Available on 11/01/16].
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    6. Sandy JD, Chan DD, Trevino RL, Wimmer MA, Plaas A. Human genome-wide expression analysis reorients the study of inflammatory mediators and biomechanics in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015 Nov; 23(11):1939-45. PMID: 26521740; PMCID: PMC4630670 [Available on 11/01/16].
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    7. Gorski DJ, Xiao W, Li J, Luo W, Lauer M, Kisiday J, Plaas A, Sandy J. Deletion of ADAMTS5 does not affect aggrecan or versican degradation but promotes glucose uptake and proteoglycan synthesis in murine adipose derived stromal cells. Matrix Biol. 2015 Sep; 47:66-84. PMID: 25840345.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Sayegh ET, Sandy JD, Virk MS, Romeo AA, Wysocki RW, Galante JO, Trella KJ, Plaas A, Wang VM. Recent Scientific Advances Towards the Development of Tendon Healing Strategies. Curr Tissue Eng. 2015; 4(2):128-143. PMID: 26753125.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Bell R, Li J, Shewman EF, Galante JO, Cole BJ, Bach BR, Troy KL, Mikecz K, Sandy JD, Plaas AH, Wang VM. ADAMTS5 is required for biomechanically-stimulated healing of murine tendinopathy. J Orthop Res. 2013 Oct; 31(10):1540-8. PMID: 23754494.
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    10. Bell R, Li J, Gorski DJ, Bartels AK, Shewman EF, Wysocki RW, Cole BJ, Bach BR, Mikecz K, Sandy JD, Plaas AH, Wang VM. Controlled treadmill exercise eliminates chondroid deposits and restores tensile properties in a new murine tendinopathy model. J Biomech. 2013 Feb 01; 46(3):498-505. PMID: 23159096.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Li J, Gorski DJ, Anemaet W, Velasco J, Takeuchi J, Sandy JD, Plaas A. Hyaluronan injection in murine osteoarthritis prevents TGFbeta 1-induced synovial neovascularization and fibrosis and maintains articular cartilage integrity by a CD44-dependent mechanism. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012 Jun 21; 14(3):R151. PMID: 22721434; PMCID: PMC3446537.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    12. Kotwal N, Li J, Sandy J, Plaas A, Sumner DR. Initial application of EPIC-µCT to assess mouse articular cartilage morphology and composition: effects of aging and treadmill running. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2012 Aug; 20(8):887-95. PMID: 22609479; PMCID: PMC3817026.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    13. Raabe D, Harrison A, Ireland A, Alemzadeh K, Sandy J, Dogramadzi S, Melhuish C, Burgess S. Improved single- and multi-contact life-time testing of dental restorative materials using key characteristics of the human masticatory system and a force/position-controlled robotic dental wear simulator. Bioinspir Biomim. 2012 Mar; 7(1):016002. PMID: 22155971.
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    14. Wang M, Shen J, Jin H, Im HJ, Sandy J, Chen D. Recent progress in understanding molecular mechanisms of cartilage degeneration during osteoarthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Dec; 1240:61-9. PMID: 22172041; PMCID: PMC3671949.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    15. Wang VM, Bell RM, Thakore R, Eyre DR, Galante JO, Li J, Sandy JD, Plaas A. Murine tendon function is adversely affected by aggrecan accumulation due to the knockout of ADAMTS5. J Orthop Res. 2012 Apr; 30(4):620-6. PMID: 21928430.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Plaas A, Velasco J, Gorski DJ, Li J, Cole A, Christopherson K, Sandy JD. The relationship between fibrogenic TGFß1 signaling in the joint and cartilage degradation in post-injury osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011 Sep; 19(9):1081-90. PMID: 21624477.
      View in: PubMed
    17. Velasco J, Li J, DiPietro L, Stepp MA, Sandy JD, Plaas A. Adamts5 deletion blocks murine dermal repair through CD44-mediated aggrecan accumulation and modulation of transforming growth factor ß1 (TGFß1) signaling. J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 22; 286(29):26016-27. PMID: 21566131; PMCID: PMC3138253.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    18. Plaas A, Li J, Riesco J, Das R, Sandy JD, Harrison A. Intraarticular injection of hyaluronan prevents cartilage erosion, periarticular fibrosis and mechanical allodynia and normalizes stance time in murine knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011 Mar 20; 13(2):R46. PMID: 21418601; PMCID: PMC3132032.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    19. Plaas A, Sandy JD, Liu H, Diaz MA, Schenkman D, Magnus RP, Bolam-Bretl C, Kopesky PW, Wang VM, Galante JO. Biochemical identification and immunolocalizaton of aggrecan, ADAMTS5 and inter-alpha-trypsin-inhibitor in equine degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis. J Orthop Res. 2011 Jun; 29(6):900-6. PMID: 21246622.
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    20. Li J, Anemaet W, Diaz MA, Buchanan S, Tortorella M, Malfait AM, Mikecz K, Sandy JD, Plaas A. Knockout of ADAMTS5 does not eliminate cartilage aggrecanase activity but abrogates joint fibrosis and promotes cartilage aggrecan deposition in murine osteoarthritis models. J Orthop Res. 2011 Apr; 29(4):516-22. PMID: 21337391.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Kopesky PW, Vanderploeg EJ, Kisiday JD, Frisbie DD, Sandy JD, Grodzinsky AJ. Controlled delivery of transforming growth factor ß1 by self-assembling peptide hydrogels induces chondrogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells and modulates Smad2/3 signaling. Tissue Eng Part A. 2011 Jan; 17(1-2):83-92. PMID: 20672992; PMCID: PMC3011906.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    22. Lee HY, Kopesky PW, Plaas A, Sandy J, Kisiday J, Frisbie D, Grodzinsky AJ, Ortiz C. Adult bone marrow stromal cell-based tissue-engineered aggrecan exhibits ultrastructure and nanomechanical properties superior to native cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010 Nov; 18(11):1477-86. PMID: 20692354; PMCID: PMC2975943.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    23. Lemke AK, Sandy JD, Voigt H, Dreier R, Lee JH, Grodzinsky AJ, Mentlein R, Fay J, Schünke M, Kurz B. Interleukin-1alpha treatment of meniscal explants stimulates the production and release of aggrecanase-generated, GAG-substituted aggrecan products and also the release of pre-formed, aggrecanase-generated G1 and m-calpain-generated G1-G2. Cell Tissue Res. 2010 Apr; 340(1):179-88. PMID: 20217136.
      View in: PubMed
    24. Wilson CG, Vanderploeg EJ, Zuo F, Sandy JD, Levenston ME. Aggrecanolysis and in vitro matrix degradation in the immature bovine meniscus: mechanisms and functional implications. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009; 11(6):R173. PMID: 19919704; PMCID: PMC3003508.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    25. Jackson CG, Plaas AH, Sandy JD, Hua C, Kim-Rolands S, Barnhill JG, Harris CL, Clegg DO. The human pharmacokinetics of oral ingestion of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate taken separately or in combination. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010 Mar; 18(3):297-302. PMID: 19912983; PMCID: PMC2826597.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    26. Block JA, Oegema TR, Sandy JD, Plaas A. The effects of oral glucosamine on joint health: is a change in research approach needed? Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010 Jan; 18(1):5-11. PMID: 19733270.
      View in: PubMed
    27. Lee JH, Fitzgerald JB, DiMicco MA, Cheng DM, Flannery CR, Sandy JD, Plaas AH, Grodzinsky AJ. Co-culture of mechanically injured cartilage with joint capsule tissue alters chondrocyte expression patterns and increases ADAMTS5 production. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2009 Sep; 489(1-2):118-26. PMID: 19607802; PMCID: PMC2752630.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    28. Kenagy RD, Min SK, Clowes AW, Sandy JD. Cell death-associated ADAMTS4 and versican degradation in vascular tissue. J Histochem Cytochem. 2009 Sep; 57(9):889-97. PMID: 19506088; PMCID: PMC2728133.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    29. Schmidt TA, Plaas AH, Sandy JD. Disulfide-bonded multimers of proteoglycan 4 PRG4 are present in normal synovial fluids. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 May; 1790(5):375-84. PMID: 19332105.
      View in: PubMed
    30. McCulloch DR, Le Goff C, Bhatt S, Dixon LJ, Sandy JD, Apte SS. Adamts5, the gene encoding a proteoglycan-degrading metalloprotease, is expressed by specific cell lineages during mouse embryonic development and in adult tissues. Gene Expr Patterns. 2009 Jun; 9(5):314-23. PMID: 19250981; PMCID: PMC2725439.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    31. Frank JE, Thompson VP, Brown MP, Sandy JD. Removal of O-linked and N-linked oligosaccharides is required for optimum detection of NITEGE neoepitope on ADAMTS4-digested fetal aggrecans: implications for specific N-linked glycan-dependent aggrecanolysis at Glu373-Ala374. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009 Jun; 17(6):777-81. PMID: 19071032.
      View in: PubMed
    32. Yoshihara Y, Plaas A, Osborn B, Margulis A, Nelson F, Stewart M, Rugg MS, Milner CM, Day AJ, Nemoto K, Sandy JD. Superficial zone chondrocytes in normal and osteoarthritic human articular cartilages synthesize novel truncated forms of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chains which are attached to a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan other than bikunin. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008 Nov; 16(11):1343-55. PMID: 18524635.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Hamel MG, Ajmo JM, Leonardo CC, Zuo F, Sandy JD, Gottschall PE. Multimodal signaling by the ADAMTSs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) promotes neurite extension. Exp Neurol. 2008 Apr; 210(2):428-40. PMID: 18178186; PMCID: PMC2614334.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    34. Patel KP, Sandy JD, Akeda K, Miyamoto K, Chujo T, An HS, Masuda K. Aggrecanases and aggrecanase-generated fragments in the human intervertebral disc at early and advanced stages of disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007 Nov 01; 32(23):2596-603. PMID: 17978660.
      View in: PubMed
    35. Brown MP, Trumble TN, Sandy JD, Merritt KA. A simplified method of determining synovial fluid chondroitin sulfate chain length. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007 Dec; 15(12):1443-5. PMID: 17632019.
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    36. Brown MP, Trumble TN, Plaas AH, Sandy JD, Romano M, Hernandez J, Merritt KA. Exercise and injury increase chondroitin sulfate chain length and decrease hyaluronan chain length in synovial fluid. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007 Nov; 15(11):1318-25. PMID: 17543547.
      View in: PubMed
    37. Plaas A, Osborn B, Yoshihara Y, Bai Y, Bloom T, Nelson F, Mikecz K, Sandy JD. Aggrecanolysis in human osteoarthritis: confocal localization and biochemical characterization of ADAMTS5-hyaluronan complexes in articular cartilages. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007 Jul; 15(7):719-34. PMID: 17360199.
      View in: PubMed
    38. Osborn B, Bai Y, Plaas AH, Sandy JD. Image analysis of aggrecan degradation in articular cartilage with formalin-fixed samples. Methods Mol Med. 2007; 135:167-82. PMID: 17951658.
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    39. Wilson CG, Palmer AW, Zuo F, Eugui E, Wilson S, Mackenzie R, Sandy JD, Levenston ME. Selective and non-selective metalloproteinase inhibitors reduce IL-1-induced cartilage degradation and loss of mechanical properties. Matrix Biol. 2007 May; 26(4):259-68. PMID: 17174540; PMCID: PMC4792527.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    40. Voros G, Sandy JD, Collen D, Lijnen HR. Expression of aggrecan(ases) during murine preadipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue development. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Dec; 1760(12):1837-44. PMID: 17011710.
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    41. Lemire JM, Patis C, Gordon LB, Sandy JD, Toole BP, Weiss AS. Aggrecan expression is substantially and abnormally upregulated in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome dermal fibroblasts. Mech Ageing Dev. 2006 Aug; 127(8):660-9. PMID: 16650460.
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    42. Stewart MC, Fosang AJ, Bai Y, Osborn B, Plaas A, Sandy JD. ADAMTS5-mediated aggrecanolysis in murine epiphyseal chondrocyte cultures. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2006 Apr; 14(4):392-402. PMID: 16406703.
      View in: PubMed
    43. Sandy JD. A contentious issue finds some clarity: on the independent and complementary roles of aggrecanase activity and MMP activity in human joint aggrecanolysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2006 Feb; 14(2):95-100. PMID: 16257242.
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    44. Nagel S, Sandy JD, Meyding-Lamade U, Schwark C, Bartsch JW, Wagner S. Focal cerebral ischemia induces changes in both MMP-13 and aggrecan around individual neurons. Brain Res. 2005 Sep 14; 1056(1):43-50. PMID: 16112096.
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    45. Aya-ay J, Mayer J, Eakin AK, Muffly BG, Anello M, Sandy JD, Gottschall PE. The effect of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in perinatal rats on the abundance and proteolysis of brevican and NG2. Exp Neurol. 2005 May; 193(1):149-62. PMID: 15817274.
      View in: PubMed
    46. Patwari P, Gao G, Lee JH, Grodzinsky AJ, Sandy JD. Analysis of ADAMTS4 and MT4-MMP indicates that both are involved in aggrecanolysis in interleukin-1-treated bovine cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2005 Apr; 13(4):269-77. PMID: 15780640; PMCID: PMC2771540.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    47. Richards JS, Hernandez-Gonzalez I, Gonzalez-Robayna I, Teuling E, Lo Y, Boerboom D, Falender AE, Doyle KH, LeBaron RG, Thompson V, Sandy JD. Regulated expression of ADAMTS family members in follicles and cumulus oocyte complexes: evidence for specific and redundant patterns during ovulation. Biol Reprod. 2005 May; 72(5):1241-55. PMID: 15659705.
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    48. Laverty S, Sandy JD, Celeste C, Vachon P, Marier JF, Plaas AH. Synovial fluid levels and serum pharmacokinetics in a large animal model following treatment with oral glucosamine at clinically relevant doses. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Jan; 52(1):181-91. PMID: 15641100.
      View in: PubMed
    49. Oshita H, Sandy JD, Suzuki K, Akaike A, Bai Y, Sasaki T, Shimizu K. Mature bovine articular cartilage contains abundant aggrecan that is C-terminally truncated at Ala719-Ala720, a site which is readily cleaved by m-calpain. Biochem J. 2004 Aug 15; 382(Pt 1):253-9. PMID: 15175011; PMCID: PMC1133938.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    50. Westling J, Gottschall PE, Thompson VP, Cockburn A, Perides G, Zimmermann DR, Sandy JD. ADAMTS4 (aggrecanase-1) cleaves human brain versican V2 at Glu405-Gln406 to generate glial hyaluronate binding protein. Biochem J. 2004 Feb 01; 377(Pt 3):787-95. PMID: 14561220; PMCID: PMC1223897.
      View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
    51. Gao G, Plaas A, Thompson VP, Jin S, Zuo F, Sandy JD. ADAMTS4 (aggrecanase-1) activation on the cell surface involves C-terminal cleavage by glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored membrane type 4-matrix metalloproteinase and binding of the activated proteinase to chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate on syndecan-1. J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 12; 279(11):10042-51. PMID: 14701864.
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    52. Lemons ML, Sandy JD, Anderson DK, Howland DR. Intact aggrecan and chondroitin sulfate-depleted aggrecan core glycoprotein inhibit axon growth in the adult rat spinal cord. Exp Neurol. 2003 Dec; 184(2):981-90. PMID: 14769391.
      View in: PubMed
    53. Ng L, Grodzinsky AJ, Patwari P, Sandy J, Plaas A, Ortiz C. Individual cartilage aggrecan macromolecules and their constituent glycosaminoglycans visualized via atomic force microscopy. J Struct Biol. 2003 Sep; 143(3):242-57. PMID: 14572479.
      View in: PubMed
    54. Russell DL, Doyle KM, Ochsner SA, Sandy JD, Richards JS. Processing and localization of ADAMTS-1 and proteolytic cleavage of versican during cumulus matrix expansion and ovulation. J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 24; 278(43):42330-9. PMID: 12907688.
      View in: PubMed
    55. Carrino DA, Onnerfjord P, Sandy JD, Cs-Szabo G, Scott PG, Sorrell JM, Heinegård D, Caplan AI. Age-related changes in the proteoglycans of human skin. Specific cleavage of decorin to yield a major catabolic fragment in adult skin. J Biol Chem. 2003 May 09; 278(19):17566-72. PMID: 12621051.
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    56. Oegema TR, Deloria LB, Sandy JD, Hart DA. Effect of oral glucosamine on cartilage and meniscus in normal and chymopapain-injected knees of young rabbits. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Sep; 46(9):2495-503. PMID: 12355498.
      View in: PubMed
    57. Glant TT, Kamath RV, Bárdos T, Gál I, Szántó S, Murad YM, Sandy JD, Mort JS, Roughley PJ, Mikecz K. Cartilage-specific constitutive expression of TSG-6 protein (product of tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated gene 6) provides a chondroprotective, but not antiinflammatory, effect in antigen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Aug; 46(8):2207-18. PMID: 12209527.
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    58. Rodríguez-Manzaneque JC, Westling J, Thai SN, Luque A, Knauper V, Murphy G, Sandy JD, Iruela-Arispe ML. ADAMTS1 cleaves aggrecan at multiple sites and is differentially inhibited by metalloproteinase inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Apr 26; 293(1):501-8. PMID: 12054629.
      View in: PubMed
    59. Westling J, Fosang AJ, Last K, Thompson VP, Tomkinson KN, Hebert T, McDonagh T, Collins-Racie LA, LaVallie ER, Morris EA, Sandy JD. ADAMTS4 cleaves at the aggrecanase site (Glu373-Ala374) and secondarily at the matrix metalloproteinase site (Asn341-Phe342) in the aggrecan interglobular domain. J Biol Chem. 2002 May 03; 277(18):16059-66. PMID: 11854269.
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    60. Gao G, Westling J, Thompson VP, Howell TD, Gottschall PE, Sandy JD. Activation of the proteolytic activity of ADAMTS4 (aggrecanase-1) by C-terminal truncation. J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 29; 277(13):11034-41. PMID: 11796708.
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    61. Yuan W, Matthews RT, Sandy JD, Gottschall PE. Association between protease-specific proteolytic cleavage of brevican and synaptic loss in the dentate gyrus of kainate-treated rats. Neuroscience. 2002; 114(4):1091-101. PMID: 12379262.
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    62. Sandy JD, Verscharen C. Analysis of aggrecan in human knee cartilage and synovial fluid indicates that aggrecanase (ADAMTS) activity is responsible for the catabolic turnover and loss of whole aggrecan whereas other protease activity is required for C-terminal processing in vivo. Biochem J. 2001 Sep 15; 358(Pt 3):615-26. PMID: 11535123; PMCID: PMC1222096.
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    63. Lemons ML, Sandy JD, Anderson DK, Howland DR. Intact aggrecan and fragments generated by both aggrecanse and metalloproteinase-like activities are present in the developing and adult rat spinal cord and their relative abundance is altered by injury. J Neurosci. 2001 Jul 01; 21(13):4772-81. PMID: 11425904.
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    64. Sandy JD, Westling J, Kenagy RD, Iruela-Arispe ML, Verscharen C, Rodriguez-Mazaneque JC, Zimmermann DR, Lemire JM, Fischer JW, Wight TN, Clowes AW. Versican V1 proteolysis in human aorta in vivo occurs at the Glu441-Ala442 bond, a site that is cleaved by recombinant ADAMTS-1 and ADAMTS-4. J Biol Chem. 2001 Apr 20; 276(16):13372-8. PMID: 11278559.
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    65. Sandy JD. Proteoglycan core proteins and catabolic fragments present in tissues and fluids. Methods Mol Biol. 2001; 171:335-45. PMID: 11450246.
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    66. Ragan PM, Chin VI, Hung HH, Masuda K, Thonar EJ, Arner EC, Grodzinsky AJ, Sandy JD. Chondrocyte extracellular matrix synthesis and turnover are influenced by static compression in a new alginate disk culture system. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2000 Nov 15; 383(2):256-64. PMID: 11185561.
      View in: PubMed
    67. Sandy JD, Thompson V, Doege K, Verscharen C. The intermediates of aggrecanase-dependent cleavage of aggrecan in rat chondrosarcoma cells treated with interleukin-1. Biochem J. 2000 Oct 01; 351(Pt 1):161-6. PMID: 10998358; PMCID: PMC1221346.
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    68. Patwari P, Kurz B, Sandy JD, Grodzinsky AJ. Mannosamine inhibits aggrecanase-mediated changes in the physical properties and biochemical composition of articular cartilage. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2000 Feb 01; 374(1):79-85. PMID: 10640399.
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    69. Sandy JD, Thompson V, Verscharen C, Gamett D. Chondrocyte-mediated catabolism of aggrecan: evidence for a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked protein in the aggrecanase response to interleukin-1 or retinoic acid. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1999 Jul 15; 367(2):258-64. PMID: 10395742.
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    70. Quinn TM, Maung AA, Grodzinsky AJ, Hunziker EB, Sandy JD. Physical and biological regulation of proteoglycan turnover around chondrocytes in cartilage explants. Implications for tissue degradation and repair. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999 Jun 30; 878:420-41. PMID: 10415746.
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    71. Sandy JD, Gamett D, Thompson V, Verscharen C. Chondrocyte-mediated catabolism of aggrecan: aggrecanase-dependent cleavage induced by interleukin-1 or retinoic acid can be inhibited by glucosamine. Biochem J. 1998 Oct 01; 335 ( Pt 1):59-66. PMID: 9742213; PMCID: PMC1219752.
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    72. Quinn TM, Grodzinsky AJ, Hunziker EB, Sandy JD. Effects of injurious compression on matrix turnover around individual cells in calf articular cartilage explants. J Orthop Res. 1998 Jul; 16(4):490-9. PMID: 9747792.
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    73. Bonassar LJ, Sandy JD, Lark MW, Plaas AH, Frank EH, Grodzinsky AJ. Inhibition of cartilage degradation and changes in physical properties induced by IL-1beta and retinoic acid using matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Aug 15; 344(2):404-12. PMID: 9264555.
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    74. Bonassar LJ, Stinn JL, Paguio CG, Frank EH, Moore VL, Lark MW, Sandy JD, Hollander AP, Poole AR, Grodzinsky AJ. Activation and inhibition of endogenous matrix metalloproteinases in articular cartilage: effects on composition and biophysical properties. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1996 Sep 15; 333(2):359-67. PMID: 8809074.
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    75. Lohmander LS, Lark MW, Sandy JD. [Mechanisms of degradation of argecanes in osteoarthritic cartilage]. Rev Prat. 1996 Mar 15; 46(6 Spec No):S11-S14. PMID: 8731724.
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    76. Sandy JD, Plaas AH, Koob TJ. Pathways of aggrecan processing in joint tissues. Implications for disease mechanism and monitoring. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 1995 Oct; 266:26-32. PMID: 8553857.
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    77. Bonassar LJ, Frank EH, Murray JC, Paguio CG, Moore VL, Lark MW, Sandy JD, Wu JJ, Eyre DR, Grodzinsky AJ. Changes in cartilage composition and physical properties due to stromelysin degradation. Arthritis Rheum. 1995 Feb; 38(2):173-83. PMID: 7848307.
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    78. Flannery CR, Sandy JD. Effects of proteinase inhibitors on aggrecan catabolism in chondrocyte cultures. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 Sep 06; 732:380-3. PMID: 7978815.
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    79. Kim YJ, Sah RL, Grodzinsky AJ, Plaas AH, Sandy JD. Mechanical regulation of cartilage biosynthetic behavior: physical stimuli. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1994 May 15; 311(1):1-12. PMID: 8185305.
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    80. Neame PJ, Sandy JD. Cartilage aggrecan. Biosynthesis, degradation and osteoarthritis. J Fla Med Assoc. 1994 Mar; 81(3):191-3. PMID: 8195777.
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    81. Vogel KG, Sandy JD, Pogány G, Robbins JR. Aggrecan in bovine tendon. Matrix Biol. 1994 Mar; 14(2):171-9. PMID: 7520336.
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    82. Lohmander LS, Neame PJ, Sandy JD. The structure of aggrecan fragments in human synovial fluid. Evidence that aggrecanase mediates cartilage degradation in inflammatory joint disease, joint injury, and osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1993 Sep; 36(9):1214-22. PMID: 8216415.
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    83. Plaas AH, Sandy JD. A cartilage explant system for studies on aggrecan structure, biosynthesis and catabolism in discrete zones of the mammalian growth plate. Matrix. 1993 Mar; 13(2):135-47. PMID: 8492742.
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    84. Flannery C, Stanescu V, Mörgelin M, Boynton R, Gordy J, Sandy J. Variability in the G3 domain content of bovine aggrecan from cartilage extracts and chondrocyte cultures. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Aug 15; 297(1):52-60. PMID: 1637183.
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    85. Sandy JD, Flannery CR, Neame PJ, Lohmander LS. The structure of aggrecan fragments in human synovial fluid. Evidence for the involvement in osteoarthritis of a novel proteinase which cleaves the Glu 373-Ala 374 bond of the interglobular domain. J Clin Invest. 1992 May; 89(5):1512-6. PMID: 1569188; PMCID: PMC443022.
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    86. Flannery CR, Lark MW, Sandy JD. Identification of a stromelysin cleavage site within the interglobular domain of human aggrecan. Evidence for proteolysis at this site in vivo in human articular cartilage. J Biol Chem. 1992 Jan 15; 267(2):1008-14. PMID: 1730630.
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    87. Sandy JD, Neame PJ, Boynton RE, Flannery CR. Catabolism of aggrecan in cartilage explants. Identification of a major cleavage site within the interglobular domain. J Biol Chem. 1991 May 15; 266(14):8683-5. PMID: 2026585.
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    88. Sandy JD, Boynton RE, Flannery CR. Analysis of the catabolism of aggrecan in cartilage explants by quantitation of peptides from the three globular domains. J Biol Chem. 1991 May 05; 266(13):8198-205. PMID: 2022637.
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    89. Sah RL, Doong JY, Grodzinsky AJ, Plaas AH, Sandy JD. Effects of compression on the loss of newly synthesized proteoglycans and proteins from cartilage explants. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1991 Apr; 286(1):20-9. PMID: 1897947.
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    90. Sandy JD, Flannery CR, Boynton RE, Neame PJ. Isolation and characterization of disulfide-bonded peptides from the three globular domains of aggregating cartilage proteoglycan. J Biol Chem. 1990 Dec 05; 265(34):21108-13. PMID: 2250014.
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    91. Sah RL, Grodzinsky AJ, Plaas AH, Sandy JD. Effects of tissue compression on the hyaluronate-binding properties of newly synthesized proteoglycans in cartilage explants. Biochem J. 1990 May 01; 267(3):803-8. PMID: 2339990; PMCID: PMC1131369.
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    92. Flannery CR, Urbanek PJ, Sandy JD. The effect of maturation and aging on the structure and content of link proteins in rabbit articular cartilage. J Orthop Res. 1990 Jan; 8(1):78-85. PMID: 2293636.
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    93. Sandy JD, Plaas AH. Studies on the hyaluronate binding properties of newly synthesized proteoglycans purified from articular chondrocyte cultures. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1989 Jun; 271(2):300-14. PMID: 2499259.
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    94. Sandy JD, O'Neill JR, Ratzlaff LC. Acquisition of hyaluronate-binding affinity in vivo by newly synthesized cartilage proteoglycans. Biochem J. 1989 Mar 15; 258(3):875-80. PMID: 2730571; PMCID: PMC1138445.
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    95. Sah RL, Kim YJ, Doong JY, Grodzinsky AJ, Plaas AH, Sandy JD. Biosynthetic response of cartilage explants to dynamic compression. J Orthop Res. 1989; 7(5):619-36. PMID: 2760736.
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    96. Plaas AH, Sandy JD, Kimura JH. Biosynthesis of cartilage proteoglycan and link protein by articular chondrocytes from immature and mature rabbits. J Biol Chem. 1988 Jun 05; 263(16):7560-6. PMID: 3372500.
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    97. Sandy JD, Flannery CR, Plaas AH. Structural studies on proteoglycan catabolism in rabbit articular cartilage explant cultures. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1987 Dec 10; 931(3):255-61. PMID: 3676346.
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    98. Sandy JD, Barrach HJ, Flannery CR, Plaas AH. The biosynthetic response of the mature chondrocyte in early osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 1987 May; 14 Spec No:16-9. PMID: 3625671.
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    99. Plaas AH, Sandy JD. The affinity of newly synthesized proteoglycan for hyaluronic acid can be enhanced by exposure to mild alkali. Biochem J. 1986 Feb 15; 234(1):221-3. PMID: 3707543; PMCID: PMC1146549.
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    100. Sandy JD, Plaas AH. Age-related changes in the kinetics of release of proteoglycans from normal rabbit cartilage explants. J Orthop Res. 1986; 4(3):263-72. PMID: 3090213.
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    101. Sandy JD, Plaas AH. A sensitive assay for active link protein from cartilage. Biochem J. 1985 Dec 01; 232(2):613-6. PMID: 4091812; PMCID: PMC1152924.
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    102. Carney SL, Billingham ME, Muir H, Sandy JD. Structure of newly synthesised (35S)-proteoglycans and (35S)-proteoglycan turnover products of cartilage explant cultures from dogs with experimental osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res. 1985; 3(2):140-7. PMID: 3998892.
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    103. Plaas AH, Sandy JD. Age-related decrease in the link-stability of proteoglycan aggregates formed by articular chondrocytes. Biochem J. 1984 May 15; 220(1):337-40. PMID: 6743270; PMCID: PMC1153629.
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    104. Sandy JD, Adams ME, Billingham ME, Plaas A, Muir H. In vivo and in vitro stimulation of chondrocyte biosynthetic activity in early experimental osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1984 Apr; 27(4):388-97. PMID: 6712755.
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    105. Carney SL, Billingham ME, Muir H, Sandy JD. Demonstration of increased proteoglycan turnover in cartilage explants from dogs with experimental osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res. 1984; 2(3):201-6. PMID: 6491812.
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    106. Plaas AH, Sandy JD, Muir H. Proteoglycan aggregate formation by articular chondrocytes. Decrease in link-protein synthesis during culture. Biochem J. 1983 Sep 15; 214(3):855-64. PMID: 6626160; PMCID: PMC1152324.
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    107. Cartwright EC, Campbell IK, Britz ML, Sandy JD, Lowther DA. Characterization of latent and active forms of cartilage proteinases produced by normal immature rabbit articular cartilage in tissue culture. Arthritis Rheum. 1983 Aug; 26(8):984-93. PMID: 6349645.
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    108. Sandy JD, Muir H. Modulation of proteoglycan synthesis in mature cartilage. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1982; 110 Pt B:55-65. PMID: 7167590.
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    109. Sandy JD, Sriratana A, Brown HL, Lowther DA. Evidence for polymorphonuclear-leucocyte-derived proteinases in arthritic cartilage. Biochem J. 1981 Jan 01; 193(1):193-202. PMID: 7030307; PMCID: PMC1162590.
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    110. Sandy JD, Brown HL, Lowther DA. Control of proteoglycan synthesis. Studies on the activation of synthesis observed during culture of articular cartilages. Biochem J. 1980 Apr 15; 188(1):119-30. PMID: 6773523; PMCID: PMC1162545.
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    111. Sandy JD, Lowther DA, Brown HL. Antigen-induced arthritis. Studies on the inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis observed in articular cartilage during short-term joint inflammation. Arthritis Rheum. 1980 Apr; 23(4):433-47. PMID: 7370060.
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    112. Sandy JD, Brown HL, Lowther DA. Degradation of proteoglycan in articular cartilage. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1978 Nov 01; 543(4):536-44. PMID: 31190.
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    113. Lowther DA, Sandy JD, Santer VB, Brown HL. Antigen-induced arthritis. Decreased proteoglycan content and inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis in articular cartilage. Arthritis Rheum. 1978 Jul-Aug; 21(6):675-80. PMID: 736998.
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